Photoshop CS
Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS5 is the 12th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is released in two editions: Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe Photoshop Extended, with the Extended having extra 3D image creation, motion graphics editing, and advanced image analysis features. Adobe Photoshop Extended is included in all of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings except Design Standard, which includes the Adobe Photoshop edition.
Alongside Photoshop and Photoshop Extended, Adobe also publishes Photoshop Elements and Photoshop Lightroom, collectively called "The Adobe Photoshop Family". In 2008, Adobe released Adobe Photoshop Express, a free web-based image editing tool to edit photos directly on blogs and social networking sites; in 2011 a version was released for the Android operating system and the iPhone.[citation needed]
Adobe only supports Windows and Macintosh versions of Photoshop, but using Wine Photoshop CS4 can run on Linux.
In 1987, Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a fully-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed ImagePro. Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way.
During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively.
Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS5 is the 12th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is released in two editions: Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe Photoshop Extended, with the Extended having extra 3D image creation, motion graphics editing, and advanced image analysis features. Adobe Photoshop Extended is included in all of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings except Design Standard, which includes the Adobe Photoshop edition.
Alongside Photoshop and Photoshop Extended, Adobe also publishes Photoshop Elements and Photoshop Lightroom, collectively called "The Adobe Photoshop Family". In 2008, Adobe released Adobe Photoshop Express, a free web-based image editing tool to edit photos directly on blogs and social networking sites; in 2011 a version was released for the Android operating system and the iPhone.[citation needed]
Adobe only supports Windows and Macintosh versions of Photoshop, but using Wine Photoshop CS4 can run on Linux.
In 1987, Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a fully-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed ImagePro. Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way.
During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively.
Photoshop Tutorials (Altering Eye Color)
Altering eye color is simpler than it has ever been, thanks to the Color Replacement tool.
This is grouped with the Brush tool and the Pencil tool in the Photoshop CS4 toolbar
(Photoshop CS grouped it with the Healing Brush and Patch tools). This powerful and easyto-
use tool relieves a lot of the stress suffered by both amateurs and pros alike, who used to
spend a lot of time wishing such a tool existed.
Before I get into the nuts and bolts of this cool feature, let me say that it still has a
drawback: it is destructive to the layer (meaning that it alters the pixels), so it is not a miracle
cure for every recoloring ailment. In the next variation I’ll take you through another process
that allows you to preserve the original layer. But first let’s do some painting!
As with other tools, this one has settings that can be changed on the Options bar.
For this technique, set the blending mode to Hue and ensure that Find Edges is selected for
the Limits setting. Brush Diameter should be 20, Sampling Mode should be Continuous,
Tolerance should be 30%, and Anti-alias should be checked. With the Find Edges setting,
Photoshop will look for boundaries to paint within while the new color is being applied,
thus allowing only the hue of the iris and not the areas outside it to change.
Hue blending mode creates a color based on the luminance and saturation of the base
Before you change the color of the eyes, you will want to choose a new color. Open the
Color Picker (click the foreground color) and select a new color (see Figure 2.7). Click OK.
Duplicate the Background layer to keep the
original image unaltered and start painting over the
iris with an appropriately sized brush. I love the Hue
setting, because the color change is subtle yet clearly
evident (see Figure 2.8). The reflections are retained,
the pupil remains black, and the eye color still looks
natural.
For colors that are richer, change the blending
mode of the brush to Saturation. A richer green is
displayed, but the eye clearly looks manipulated and
unnatural (see Figure 2.9).
This can be quickly adjusted by lowering the
Opacity setting of the top layer to 10–20%, giving a
far more natural appearance.
Delete the previously retouched layer and duplicate
the Background layer. Change the blending
mode of the brush to Color. Those of you familiar
with retouching may recognize this mode, because it
was a primary mode for retouching in earlier versions
of Photoshop.
Paint over the iris again. If the color is still too
outlandish, reduce the layer opacity to 30–40%.
When I’m working with eyes and lips, the Color
blending mode is by far my favorite. The eye color
teeters on the edge of natural and unnatural; it could
be real, but it could be enhanced—at least that is
what viewers will think, and I like to keep them
guessing (see Figure 2.10).
History Brush. When finished, your model should have a new set of peepers, or at least colored
contact lenses (see Figure 2.11).
Figure 2.11 Creating eyes of green
Color blending mode creates a color based on the luminance of the base color, hue, and
saturation of the blend color.
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